Mines in Cornwall

Cornwall's mining industry is built on tin and copper, worked from the Bronze Age through to the county's industrial peak in the mid-19th century, when Cornwall and west Devon together supplied around two-thirds of the world's copper. Its granite uplands are riddled with deep hard-rock workings — some, like Botallack and Levant, extending more than a mile out beneath the seabed — served by the distinctive engine houses that still line the coastline. As the easiest ore ran out through the 19th century, huge numbers of Cornish miners emigrated to work mines abroad, and the Cornish beam engine, refined here to pump water from ever-deeper shafts, became one of the county's most influential exports.

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