Delabole Slate Quarry

Also known as	Old Delabole Slate Quarry, Pengelly Quarry
Location	Delabole, near Camelford, Cornwall — 50.6220, -4.7242 (approximate)
Commodity	Slate
Type	Slate
Worked	from Working recorded from at least the mid-1200s
Maximum depth	The pit is about 425 feet deep and a mile and a half in circumference
Operators	Old Delabole Slate Company (1841–1999), Delabole Slate (1999–?)
Status	Researched

Overview

A hole a mile and a half round and 425 feet deep, worked continuously for something like seven hundred years — the oldest working slate quarry in England, and once claimed as the deepest man-made pit in the world.

History

Slate has been taken at Delabole from at least the mid-1200s, and probably much longer: Roman villas were roofed with slate of this kind, and the manor of Deliou appears in Domesday in 1086, becoming Delyou Bol by 1284. Richard Carew's Survey of Cornwall of 1602 already praised the stone as being 'in substance thin, in colour fair, in lasting long'. By the reign of Elizabeth I five separate quarries were working the same ground and sending slate to Brittany and the Netherlands. Those five were amalgamated in 1841 as the Old Delabole Slate Company, which gradually secured the freehold rights to the whole pit, and by the middle of the century the quarry employed over a thousand people and raised around 120 tonnes a day. A management buyout returned it to local control in 1999 and the Hamilton family acquired it in 2005; it is still working.

Geology

Delabole works the Devonian slates of north Cornwall, cleaved by the earth movements that raised the Cornubian massif. The stone is grey to blue-grey and unusually consistent, which is what allowed a single pit to be worked continuously for centuries rather than chasing a good bed from one hole to the next. Because the workable rock is a single very large body, the quarry grew by deepening and widening one enormous pit instead of opening new ones — the reason it ended up with the dimensions it has.

Geological setting: Slate and Regional Metamorphism (well documented example)

Workings

One vast open pit, about 425 feet deep and a mile and a half in circumference, formed by the merging of the five earlier quarries. Getting the product away was historically the hardest part: loading a 60-ton ship at Port Gaverne is recorded as taking 30 wagons and over a hundred horses, until railways reached the district in the later 19th century. Modern working uses diamond wire saws.

Closure

Delabole has never closed. Its claim to be the oldest continuously worked slate quarry in England — and by some accounts in the world — rests on that continuity.

What remains

A working quarry, with a visitor and showroom operation alongside. The pit can be viewed from a public viewing area.

The pit itself, the quarry buildings and plant, and the village of Delabole, which exists because of it.

Redevelopment

None — still in production after seven centuries.

This is an active mining operation. It is not open to public access, and this entry describes its history and general location only.

Recorded claims

Individual factual claims, each attached to the source(s) that support it below. Where sources disagree, both are kept.

Slate has been quarried at Delabole from at least the mid-1200s; the name is first recorded as Delyou Bol in 1284, the manor of Deliou appearing in Domesday in 1086. ¹
Richard Carew's Survey of Cornwall of 1602 described the slate as 'in substance thin, in colour fair, in lasting long'. ¹
By the reign of Elizabeth I five quarries were working the site and exporting slate to Brittany and the Netherlands. ¹
The five quarries were amalgamated in 1841 as the Old Delabole Slate Company, which secured the freehold rights to the pit. ¹
By the mid-19th century the quarry employed over 1,000 people and produced around 120 tonnes a day. ¹
Loading a 60-ton ship at Port Gaverne is recorded as requiring 30 wagons and over 100 horses, until railways reached the district later in the 19th century. ¹
The pit is about 425 feet deep and a mile and a half in circumference, and was once claimed to be the deepest man-made pit in the world. ²
Delabole is the oldest continuously worked slate quarry in England and is still in production, using diamond wire saws. ^1,2