Mines with Hydrothermal Deposits

104 linked mines · Geology: Hydrothermal Deposits

Listed only where MineArchive's own research gives a reasonable evidential basis for the connection — not every mine where this geology might plausibly apply.

Mine	Region	Worked	Commodities	Connection
Alport Mines	Derbyshire	17th century–mid-1800s (mining); 1890s (smelting)	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-bearing veins within the Peak District orefield's Carboniferous limestone.
Alva Silver Mine (Silver Glen)	Clackmannanshire	1712–1716 (main bonanza); cobalt worked intermittently later	Silver, Cobalt	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a hydrothermal vein system yielding native silver.
Arkendale Mine	North Yorkshire	In the returns from 1882–1905	Lead	(well documented example) The Arkengarthdale lead was deposited from mineralising fluids rising along faults and joints through the Carboniferous sequence of the dales.
Ballacorkish Mine	Isle of Man	worked before 1819 (earlier phase, abandoned); revived 1862–1895	Lead, Silver, Zinc, Ochre	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead- and zinc-bearing veins of the Manx mineralised belt.
Bedford United Mine	Devon	1841–1890 (main working); arsenic to 1920s	Copper, Tin, Arsenic, Tungsten	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper-bearing lodes of the Tamar Valley orefield.
Blakethwaite Mine	North Yorkshire	1819 (mine); 1821 (smelt mill)–1878	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-bearing veins of the northern Pennine orefield.
Bog Mine	Shropshire	1730s–1924	Lead, Zinc, Barite	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-bearing veins in the Shropshire lead-mining district.
Botallack Mine	Cornwall	1500s–1895	Tin, Lead, Cobalt, Copper, Arsenic, Silver	(well documented example) Botallack's tin, copper and arsenic lodes are hydrothermal, formed from fluids driven by the cooling Land's End granite.
Brandelhow Mine	Cumbria	worked by the 1560s (Elizabethan); reopened on a larger scale in 1819–early 1891	Lead, Copper, Silver, Graphite	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-, copper-, silver- and graphite-bearing veins within a hydrothermal orefield.
Britannia Copper Mine	Gwynedd	First recorded around 1800–1916	Copper	(well documented example) Copper worked from mineralised veins in the volcanic rocks of the Snowdon massif.
Brownley Hill Mine	Cumbria	worked from the early 1700s–1966	Lead, Silver, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes the hydrothermal Brownley Hill Vein of the northern Pennine orefield.
CB Mine	North Yorkshire	Bathurst family acquired mineral rights 1654–1883 (CB Mining Company)	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes hydrothermal lead veins of the northern Pennine orefield.
Cae Coch Sulphur Mine	Conwy	1607–1942	Pyrite	(historical documentary reference) One of the competing readings of the deposit is as a kuroko-type volcanogenic exhalative body, and hollow pyrite tubes in the top half-metre of the bed have been interpreted as fossilised black smokers. The link is to that contested interpretation, not a settled classification — the sulphur-isotope and cobalt-nickel evidence points away from a volcanogenic origin.
Cambokeels Mine	County Durham	1868 (lead, Beaumont Company); reopened 1905 for fluorspar–1989	Fluorspar, Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes the hydrothermal Slitt Vein of the northern Pennine orefield.
Carn Galver Mine	Cornwall	worked early 19th century (three main periods: to 1840; 1851-1869; 1871-1875)–1875	Tin	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a hydrothermal tin lode within the Cornubian orefield.
Chewton Mineries	Somerset	1541 (first documented); probably earlier–1883	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead veins within the Triassic Dolomitic Conglomerate of the Mendip orefield.
Coalcleugh	Northumberland	17th century–1878 (Beaumont); reworked to 1921	Lead, Zinc, Fluorspar	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead- and zinc-bearing veins of the Alston Block, part of the northern Pennine orefield.
Cobscar Mill	North Yorkshire	built 1762–c. 1830 (main working); refurbished 1848	Lead, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes hydrothermal lead veins of the northern Pennine orefield.
Cook's Kitchen Mine	Cornwall	worked for copper by early 18th century; tin from mid-19th century–1913	Copper, Tin, Arsenic	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper and tin lodes within the hydrothermal Cornubian orefield.
Craig-y-Mwyn Mine	Powys	1692–19th century (exact final date unrecorded)	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a lead vein within the hydrothermal Central Wales orefield.
Cwm Elan Mine	Powys	1796 (vein discovered); main working from 1871–September 1877	Lead, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a lead- and zinc-bearing vein within the hydrothermal Central Wales orefield.
Diana Maria Mine	County Durham	2017 (opencast); 2018 (underground)–Still active	Fluorspar	(well documented example) The fluorite belongs to the Northern Pennine Orefield's mineralisation, emplaced in the Carboniferous limestone sequence by circulating hot fluids rather than by any magmatic body at the site.
Ding Dong Mine	Cornwall	documented from early 17th century; possibly prehistoric–1877 (main working); 1912-1915 and 1928 reopening attempts	Tin, Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes tin- and copper-bearing lodes of the Land's End granite, part of the Cornubian orefield.
Dovegang Mine	Derbyshire	already 'ancient' by 1652–gradually exhausted through the 19th century	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a hydrothermal lead vein system of the Derbyshire orefield.
Dowgang Mine	Cumbria	Hushing by 1773; in the returns from 1882–Standing by 1902	Lead, Zinc	(well documented example) Dowgang worked the North Pennine orefield, whose lead and zinc were deposited from mineralising fluids rising along faults through the Carboniferous sequence.
Drws-y-Coed Copper Mine	Gwynedd	worked since medieval times; recorded 1284; active mining from 1761/1768–1903	Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a hydrothermal copper mineralised system hosted in Cambrian rocks.
East Wheal Rose	Cornwall	lead discovered 1812; mine established 1834–1886	Lead, Silver, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-bearing lodes within the hydrothermal Cornubian orefield.
Ecton Copper Mines	Staffordshire	Bronze Age–1891	Copper, Lead, Zinc	(well documented example) Exploits near-vertical, pipe-like hydrothermal copper-lead-zinc mineralisation, a less common deposit shape than a simple vein.
Esgair Mwyn Mine	Ceredigion	ancient origins (unknown date); rediscovered 1746–1994 (final spoil-reprocessing closure); main lead working ended 1927	Lead, Copper, Silver, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a lead-, silver-, zinc- and copper-bearing vein within the hydrothermal Central Wales orefield.
Excelsior Mine	Cornwall	early 1850s–1946 (mining); 1938 (tunnel driving)	Tin, Copper, Tungsten	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes tin- and copper-bearing lodes of the Cornubian granite-related orefield.
Foss Mine	Perth and Kinross	discovered late 1970s; production from early 1980s–2021	Barite	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a syn-sedimentary, exhalative hydrothermal baryte deposit.
Frank Mills Mine	Devon	1847 (search for northern lode extension); main working from 1854–1880	Lead, Silver, Barite, Fluorspar, Iron	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a hydrothermal, granite-related silver-lead vein system.
Geevor Tin Mine	Cornwall	1911–1990	Tin, Copper	(well documented example) Geevor's cassiterite-bearing veins are hydrothermal, formed in and around granite intruded into Devonian killas.
Glasdir Mine	Gwynedd	worked from c. 1852 (opencast); Elmore family ownership from 1896–1915	Copper, Silver, Gold	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper sulphide mineralisation of the Dolgellau gold belt.
Glengonnar	South Lanarkshire	1239 (earliest record); worked from 16th century for gold–1940	Lead, Silver, Gold	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-bearing veins of the Leadhills-Wanlockhead orefield.
Golden Dagger Mine	Devon	worked from 1879–November 1930 (last commercially worked mine on Dartmoor)	Tin	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes granite-related hydrothermal tin mineralisation of the Dartmoor batholith.
Goldscope Mine	Cumbria	1564–late 19th century	Copper, Lead, Silver, Gold	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper- and lead-bearing hydrothermal veins.
Great Dowgas Mine	Cornwall	c. 1719–1913	Tin, Copper, Cobalt, Nickel	(well documented example) The lodes are described as filled mainly with quartz and pyrite, with cassiterite occurring sporadically — the mineral assemblage and irregular tin distribution characteristic of a hydrothermal vein deposit.
Great Orme Copper Mines	Conwy	c. 1700 BC–c. 600 BC (prehistoric phase); reworked 17th-19th centuries	Copper, Lead	(well documented example) Hydrothermal fluids moving along faults and fractures deposited the copper veins worked here.
Great Work Mine	Cornwall	By 1538–1939	Tin, Copper, Lead	(well documented example) The mine's cassiterite-bearing lodes, worked within the Godolphin-Tregonning granite with copper and minor lead, are a documented example of granite-related hydrothermal tin-copper mineralisation of the type this record describes.
Greenburn Mine	Cumbria	worked from late 17th century; intensive from c. 1845–c. 1885 (main working); ceased entirely by 1940	Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a hydrothermal copper mineralised system associated with the Borrowdale Volcanic Group.
Greenside Mine	Cumbria	1825–1962	Lead, Silver	(well documented example) Worked a mineral vein deposited by hydrothermal fluids at 110-130°C during the Carboniferous period, filling a north-south fault.
Grogwynion Mine	Ceredigion	worked by 1744 (probably earlier)–1889	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a lead vein within the hydrothermal Central Wales orefield.
Groverake Mine	County Durham	Ironstone from 1819; lead and later fluorspar into the 20th century–1999	Fluorspar, Lead, Iron	(well documented example) Groverake's lead and fluorspar came from Northern Pennine Orefield hydrothermal veins, zoned around the concealed Weardale Granite as a heat source.
Gunnislake Clitters Mine	Cornwall	c. 1820–1919 (working ceased); the sett passed to the Duchy of Cornwall	Copper, Tin, Arsenic, Tungsten	(well documented example) The record turns on lodes that gave copper and tin first and arsenic and tungsten afterwards, the sequence of products following what the mineralisation yielded as the metal ores were exhausted.
Hafna Mine	Conwy	Early workings of uncertain date–1913 (the mill worked on to about 1915)	Lead, Zinc, Pyrite	(well documented example) The Gwydir lead-zinc mineralisation was deposited from hot fluids moving through fractures in the Ordovician sequence, with quartz and calcite gangue accompanying the ore minerals.
Herland Mine	Cornwall	worked from at least 1726–1874 (final closure, as Rosewarne and Herland United)	Copper, Silver	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes granite-related hydrothermal copper mineralisation of west Cornwall.
Herodsfoot Mine	Cornwall	early 1700s (intermittent); main working from 1845–1884	Lead, Silver	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes silver-lead lodes within the hydrothermal, granite-related Cornubian orefield.
Hilton and Scordale Mines	Cumbria	Worked by the 18th century; London Lead Company from 1824–Work ceased after 1919; lease finally abandoned 1963	Lead, Barite, Fluorspar, Witherite	(well documented example) The Scordale veins and flats belong to the northern Pennine orefield, deposited from mineralising fluids in Carboniferous limestone.
Killhope Lead Mine	County Durham	1818–1910	Lead, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes hydrothermal lead veins of the northern Pennine orefield.
King Edward Mine (South Condurrow)	Cornwall	South Condurrow reopened 1844–South Condurrow closed 1896	Tin, Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes granite-related hydrothermal tin and copper mineralisation of the Camborne-Redruth district.
Ladywash Mine	Derbyshire	sough begun 1714; mine started 1740; reworked from 1936/1950s–1979	Lead, Fluorspar	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes the hydrothermal Hucklow Edge vein system of the Derbyshire orefield.
Levant Mine	Cornwall	1787–1930	Tin, Arsenic, Copper	(well documented example) Levant's tin and copper lodes are hydrothermal, formed from fluids driven by the cooling Land's End granite.
Llywernog Mine	Ceredigion	1742 (vein discovered); worked from 1770s–1891 (lead); 1911 (zinc revival)	Lead, Silver, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a lead- and silver-bearing vein within the Cambrian Mountains orefield.
Loggerheads	Denbighshire	worked from at least the 18th century–19th century (exact closure date unclear); site now a country park	Lead, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes hydrothermal lead and zinc mineralisation within karstic limestone.
Longstone Edge	Derbyshire	worked from at least the 18th century (lead veins)–No single closure date; working continued into the 2000s	Fluorspar, Lead, Barite	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead, fluorspar and barytes mineralisation deposited by a hydrothermal system.
Middleton Tyas Copper Mine	North Yorkshire	worked sporadically from the 15th century; main phase mid-18th century–mid-18th century (exact date unrecorded)	Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes richly but patchily mineralised copper veins.
Milldam Mine	Derbyshire	Lead mining to 1885; reopened for fluorspar in 1985–Production ceased October 2023; on care and maintenance	Lead, Zinc, Barite, Fluorspar	(well documented example) The South Pennine orefield fluorspar and baryte were deposited from warm basinal brines moving through the limestone, not from any magmatic source.
Mount Wellington Mine	Cornwall	1976–1978 (initial closure)	Tin	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes granite-related hydrothermal tin mineralisation of the Gwennap district.
Mulreesh Lead Mines	Argyll and Bute	1360 (earliest evidence); worked intermittently to 1872–1900	Lead, Silver	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-bearing veins formed alongside basalt dykes cutting through limestone.
Nant-y-Garw Lead Mine	Powys	1877 (vein discovered); 1882 (work commenced)–1899	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a lead-bearing vein within the Cambrian Mountains orefield.
New Consols Mine	Cornwall	worked as Wheal Martha from the 19th century–1953	Tin, Copper, Arsenic, Lead, Silver	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper, tin, lead and silver lodes within the hydrothermal Cornubian orefield.
New Glencrieff Mine	Dumfries and Galloway	1718–1958 (main working); reprocessing to early 1960s	Lead, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes the lead- and zinc-bearing New Glencrieff Vein of the Leadhills-Wanlockhead orefield.
Old Gang Mines	North Yorkshire	18th century–1899-1903	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-bearing veins of the northern Pennine orefield, the same mineralising system described in this record.
Penberthy Croft Mine	Cornwall	1798–Late 1840s, with a further phase 1881-83	Tin, Copper, Arsenic, Lead	(well documented example) The lode runs parallel to a quartz-feldspar porphyry elvan dyke, the granite-driven hydrothermal mineralisation typical of west Cornwall, and carries tin, copper and lead minerals together.
Pennerley Mine	Shropshire	worked by the 18th century; main phase from 1879-80–1884 (main lead working); baryte worked to 1925	Lead, Barite	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead veins within the hydrothermal Shelve orefield.
Poldice Mine	Cornwall	by 1512 (documented); certainly worked by the 17th century–1930	Copper, Tin, Arsenic	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper and tin lodes within the hydrothermal Cornubian orefield.
Priddy (St Cuthbert's) Lead Works	Somerset	AD 49 (Roman)–1908	Lead, Silver	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead veins within the Triassic Dolomitic Conglomerate of the Mendip orefield.
Rampgill Mine	Cumbria	1690 (Rampgill Vein discovered)–1949 (Vieille Montagne); some later 20th-century working	Lead, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead- and zinc-bearing structures in the Northern Pennine orefield's Great Limestone.
Roman Gravels Mine	Shropshire	worked in the Roman period (c. AD 120)–1895	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead veins within the hydrothermal Shelve orefield.
Roughton Gill Mine	Cumbria	12th century (earliest possible); documented from 1564–17th century (main German-era working); reworked later	Copper, Silver, Zinc, Barite, Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper- and lead-bearing veins of the Caldbeck Fells.
Silver Gill Mine	Cumbria	worked 1020-1200 (archaeologically dated); documented from 1331–worked into the Elizabethan period; final closure date unrecorded	Lead, Copper, Silver	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-, copper- and silver-bearing veins within a hydrothermal orefield.
Sir Francis Level (Lownathwaite Mine)	North Yorkshire	1864–1882	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes the Fairfold Vein as part of the hydrothermal, non-magmatic North Pennine orefield.
South Caradon Mine	Cornwall	1836 (main lode struck); trial working from 1833–1885	Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper lodes within the hydrothermal, granite-related Cornubian orefield.
South Crofty	Cornwall	1592–1998	Tin, Copper	(well documented example) South Crofty is a classic Cornish granite-driven hydrothermal vein system, the mechanism this geology record describes.
South Hooe Mine	Devon	13th century–1885	Lead, Silver	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes silver-bearing lead lodes of the Tamar Valley orefield.
Speedwell Cavern	Derbyshire	1771–1790	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a hydrothermal lead-bearing vein in the Castleton orefield.
Surrender Mine	North Yorkshire	before 1720–1880	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead-bearing veins of the northern Pennine orefield.
Talargoch Mine	Flintshire	documented from 1303; worked continuously from the 1630s–1884 (underground); tip-reworking to 1905	Lead, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's geology field explicitly describes non-magmatic, low-temperature hydrothermal lead-zinc mineralisation in Carboniferous limestone, the same style as the Pennine orefield.
Tankerville Mine	Shropshire	small-scale working from the early 19th century–May 1884 (main); failed reopenings 1891-93, 1911-13	Lead, Silver, Zinc, Barite	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes hydrothermal lead mineralisation of the Shelve orefield.
Threlkeld Quarry and Mine	Cumbria	1870–1982	Granite, Lead, Zinc, Barite	(well documented example) The British Geological Survey attributes the district’s lead–zinc mineralisation, Threlkeld included, to periods of hydrothermal activity generated by the Lake District batholith, and assigns the lead–zinc veins an Early Carboniferous age.
Tilberthwaite	Cumbria	worked from the late 16th/early 17th century (Elizabethan)–copper mining ceased 1942; slate quarrying continued intermittently to 2001	Copper, Lead, Slate	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead and copper mineralisation associated with the Coniston Fault.
Tincroft Mine	Cornwall	known by 1680s (as Penhallick Vean & Tyn Croft); tin production from 1865–1921 (South Tincroft)	Copper, Tin	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper and tin lodes within the hydrothermal Cornubian orefield.
Tresavean Mine	Cornwall	1737–1928	Copper, Tin, Arsenic	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper- and tin-bearing lodes of the Cornubian granite-related Camborne-Redruth orefield.
Tyndrum Mines	Stirling	1741 (vein discovered)–1926	Lead, Silver, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes lead- and zinc-bearing veins within the hydrothermal Grampian orefield.
Vigra Mine	Gwynedd	1833 (application); worked as copper mine 1825-1845; gold from 1860s–c. 1910 (little work after 1879)	Gold, Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes non-granite-related hydrothermal gold mineralisation of the Dolgellau gold belt.
Vitifer Mine (Birch Tor and Vitifer)	Devon	documented from 1750 (Vitifer); 1757 (Birch Tor)–1925	Tin	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes tin-bearing veins within the hydrothermal, granite-related Dartmoor orefield.
Wheal Agar	Cornwall	By 1883–No reliable closure date has yet been located.	Copper, Tin, Arsenic	(well documented example) The record turns on the mine's returns following the classic Camborne-Redruth sequence, copper and tin together and arsenic added later, from lodes on the belt worked by East Pool, Tincroft and South Crofty.
Wheal Basset (Basset Mines)	Cornwall	worked from 1815 (as separate setts); Basset Mines company formed 1896–1918	Tin, Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes tin- and copper-bearing lodes within the hydrothermal Cornubian orefield.
Wheal Buller	Cornwall	worked from 1819–1875 (main); failed reworking 1928-1930	Copper, Tin	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes granite-related hydrothermal copper and tin mineralisation of the Camborne-Redruth district.
Wheal Edward	Cornwall	worked from 1821 (first returns); reopened 1863–1893	Copper, Tin, Uranium	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes hydrothermal copper and tin lodes within the Cornubian orefield.
Wheal Fortune	Cornwall	1855–1912	Tin, Copper, Arsenic, Tungsten, Zinc	(well documented example) The mine's own geology field explicitly describes a hydrothermal tin-vein mineralisation phase, sourced to the GCR account: hot fluids following structural weaknesses with the elvan dyke acting as a channel-way.
Wheal Friendship	Devon	late 18th century–1925 (surface tribute working to the 1950s)	Copper, Tin, Arsenic, Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper, tin and arsenic-bearing lodes associated with the Dartmoor granite, part of the Cornubian orefield.
Wheal Grenville	Cornwall	1820s (initial working); productive from 1850s; formal lease 1845–1920	Tin, Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes tin- and copper-bearing lodes on the western extremity of the Great Flat Lode.
Wheal Kitty	Cornwall	documented from 1758; consistently worked from 1834–1930	Tin, Copper, Iron	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes tin-, copper- and iron pyrite-bearing lodes within the hydrothermal Cornubian orefield.
Wheal Maid	Cornwall	1782–1870s (mine); site used as a tailings dam 1970s-1980s	Copper, Tin, Arsenic	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes granite-related hydrothermal copper mineralisation of the Gwennap district.
Wheal Mary Ann	Cornwall	1845–c. 1875	Lead, Silver, Fluorspar	(well documented example) Le Neve Foster's 1874 account describes the lode as a fissure vein repeatedly reopened and refilled by successive hydrothermal mineral deposition (cab/chalcedony, quartz, galena, chalybite, fluorspar, calc spar), with a documented paragenetic sequence.
Wheal Peevor	Cornwall	sett granted c. 1701; worked from the mid-18th century–1889 (main closure); reopening attempts 1911-18, 1938, 1950s all failed	Tin, Copper, Tungsten	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes granite-related hydrothermal copper and tin mineralisation of the Camborne-Redruth district.
Wheal Prosper	Cornwall	circa 1860–1866	Copper, Tin	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes the Porthcew lode as part of the hydrothermal, granite-related Cornubian orefield.
Wheal Trewavas	Cornwall	by 1834–1846	Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper lodes as part of the hydrothermal, granite-related Cornubian orefield.
Wheal Uny	Cornwall	worked from c. 1800–1893	Copper, Tin	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes copper and tin lodes within the hydrothermal Cornubian orefield.
Wheal Vor	Cornwall	underground working from the 15th century–1911 (last major working); abandoned by 1967	Tin, Copper	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes exceptionally rich tin- and copper-bearing lodes associated with Cornwall's granite, part of the Cornubian orefield.
White Grit Mine	Shropshire	old workings recorded 1678; main periods 1830-1848–c. 1870	Lead	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes hydrothermal lead veins within the Shelve orefield.
Woodhead Mine	Dumfries and Galloway	1838–1873	Lead, Silver	(well documented example) The mine's own recorded geology explicitly describes a hydrothermal lead vein of the Southern Uplands orefield.

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