Mandale Mine

Overview

Mandale Mine, in Derbyshire's Lathkill Dale, is one of the oldest lead mines in the county and now one of its best-preserved. Despite three successive generations of increasingly ambitious pumping technology — two large waterwheels and finally a substantial Cornish steam engine — the mine was ultimately beaten by water and abandoned within a few years of its most expensive investment.

History

Evidence of mining at Mandale dates back to the 16th century, but large-scale working began in 1797, when a sough (drainage level) was driven up the vein. Substantial quantities of ore were found in 1820 and again in 1823, prompting the Lathkill Company to invest heavily in pumping capacity: a 52 ft diameter waterwheel, erected between 1834 and 1836 at a cost of over £500, could pump 4,000 gallons of water a minute from a depth of 20 fathoms, and a second, 35 ft wheel was added further down the valley in 1840. When water problems persisted even after these investments, a Cornish beam engine — built by Grahams of the Milton Ironworks, Elsecar, with a 65-inch cylinder rated at 165 horsepower — was installed in 1847. It made no lasting difference: continuing water influx, a problem shared with the neighbouring Lathkill Dale mine, forced abandonment of the mine in 1851, only four years after the engine's installation.

Geology

The mine worked lead-bearing veins in the Derbyshire limestone of Lathkill Dale, where persistent groundwater ultimately made the workings uneconomic to keep dry.

Workings

Drainage relied successively on a sough driven from 1797, then two waterwheels (52 ft, 1834–36, and 35 ft, 1840) and finally a 165-horsepower Cornish beam engine installed in 1847 — none of which proved sufficient to keep the mine workable in the long run.

Closure

The mine was abandoned in 1851 after continuing water influx overwhelmed even its most recent and expensive pumping investment, the 1847 Cornish engine.

What remains

The site is protected as part of the Lathkill Dale and Mandale Mines and Soughs Scheduled Monument, described by Historic England as an exceptionally well-preserved, multi-phase site of national importance.

The rectangular, limestone- and sandstone-built Cornish engine house survives to around 6 m in height, with its northern "bob wall" — which supported the engine's beam — the best-preserved part of the structure. Shafts, earthworks, gin circles, stopes, crushing circles, ponds, buddles and an aqueduct and leat also survive across the wider site.

Redevelopment

No redevelopment has taken place; the site is preserved in situ as part of the Lathkill Dale nature reserve and Scheduled Monument.

Abandoned workings can be dangerous — unstable ground, uncapped shafts, flooding and bad air are common even where a site looks safe from the surface. This entry describes history and general location only; it is not an access guide.

Recorded claims

Individual factual claims, each attached to the source(s) that support it below. Where sources disagree, both are kept.

• Historic England describes the Lathkill Dale and Mandale Mines site as an exceptionally well-preserved, multi-phase site of national importance. ¹
• The 1847 Cornish engine installed at Mandale had a 65-inch cylinder and was rated at 165 horsepower, but the mine was abandoned only four years later due to continuing water influx. ²
• A July 2016 report notes that Mandale Mine's main underground entrances were locked at the time of the visit, limiting exploration to the surface remains including the engine house, sough and Bateman's House. (uncertain) ³

Photographs & further reading

This page doesn't try to reproduce everything — these are the best original sources found for this mine.

Images

Sources

1. (primary) Lathkill Dale and Mandale mines and soughs, Youlgreave — Historic England
2. (secondary) Mandale mine — Derbyshire Heritage
3. (observational) Mandale Mine, Over Haddon, Derbys — July 2016 — 28DaysLater