Caphouse Colliery

Overview

A small West Yorkshire colliery with a working shaft possibly older than any other still in everyday use in Britain, reopened in 1988 as what is now the National Coal Mining Museum for England.

History

Caphouse Colliery, on the Denby Grange estate near Wakefield, was sunk in the 1770s or 1780s, with the nearby Hope Pit following in the 1820s; a surviving 1791 plan showing workings from 1789-95 includes a shaft on the Caphouse site that is thought to be, quite possibly, the oldest coal-mine shaft still in everyday use anywhere in Britain today. Ownership passed from the Milnes family before 1827 to the Lister Kaye family, who held it until 1917, before Arthur Sykes of Lockwood and Elliott bought the colliery around 1941 and remained owner until nationalisation in 1947. Caphouse was a comparatively small pit under the National Coal Board, employing on average around 177 men underground and 46 on the surface. The colliery's reserves were exhausted by 1985, when it closed. It reopened in 1988 as the Yorkshire Mining Museum, achieving national status in 1995 as the National Coal Mining Museum for England.

Geology

Caphouse worked coal seams of the Yorkshire coalfield near Wakefield.

Workings

Coal was worked from a shaft sunk in the 1770s-80s, among the oldest coal-mine shafts still in use in Britain, and later the neighbouring Hope Pit shaft from the 1820s.

Closure

Coal reserves at Caphouse were exhausted by 1985, when the colliery closed as a working mine.

What remains

Reopened in 1988 as a heritage attraction, now the National Coal Mining Museum for England, offering guided underground tours using the historic shaft.

Historic pithead buildings, headgear and the original shaft, all preserved and in active use as part of the museum's underground tour.

Abandoned workings can be dangerous — unstable ground, uncapped shafts, flooding and bad air are common even where a site looks safe from the surface. This entry describes history and general location only; it is not an access guide.

Recorded claims

Individual factual claims, each attached to the source(s) that support it below. Where sources disagree, both are kept.

• Caphouse Colliery was sunk in the 1770s or 1780s; a surviving 1791 plan showing workings from 1789-95 includes a shaft here thought to be possibly the oldest coal-mine shaft still in everyday use in Britain. ¹
• Ownership passed from the Milnes family (before 1827) to the Lister Kaye family (until 1917), then to Arthur Sykes of Lockwood and Elliott from around 1941 until nationalisation in 1947. ¹
• Coal reserves were exhausted by 1985, closing the colliery as a working mine; it reopened in 1988 as the Yorkshire Mining Museum, gaining national status in 1995 as the National Coal Mining Museum for England. ^1,2

Images

Sources

1. (secondary) Caphouse Colliery — Wikipedia
2. (secondary) National Coal Mining Museum for England — Wikipedia

Record created: 21 August 2026 · Last researched: 21 August 2026